{"id":1326,"date":"2019-04-16T10:37:29","date_gmt":"2019-04-16T10:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/?page_id=1326"},"modified":"2019-05-31T14:49:24","modified_gmt":"2019-05-31T14:49:24","slug":"knee-replacement-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/?page_id=1326","title":{"rendered":"KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY"},"content":{"rendered":"
KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nKnee replacement, also called arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts are used to cap the ends of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap. This surgery may be considered for someone who has severe arthritis or a severe knee injury.<\/span>
\nVarious types of arthritis may affect the knee joint. Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that affects mostly middle-aged and older adults, may cause the breakdown of joint cartilage and adjacent bone in the knees. Rheumatoid arthritis, which causes inflammation of the synovial membrane and results in excessive synovial fluid, can lead to pain and stiffness. Traumatic arthritis, arthritis due to injury, may cause damage to the cartilage of the knee.<\/span>
\nThe goal of knee replacement surgery is to resurface the parts of the knee joint that have been damaged and to relieve knee pain that cannot be controlled by other treatments.<\/span>
\nAnatomy of the knee<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/span>
\nJoints are the areas where 2 or more bones meet. Most joints are mobile, allowing the bones to move. Basically, the knee is 2 long leg bones held together by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Each bone end is covered with a layer of cartilage that absorbs shock and protects the knee.<\/span>
\nThere are 2 groups of muscles involved in the knee, including the quadriceps muscles (located on the front of the thighs), which straighten the legs, and the hamstring muscles (located on the back of the thighs), which bend the leg at the knee.<\/span>
\nTendons are tough cords of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. Ligaments are elastic bands of tissue that connect bone to bone. Some ligaments of the knee provide stability and protection of the joints, while other ligaments limit forward and backward movement of the tibia (shin bone).<\/span>
\nThe knee consists of the following:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Tibia<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>This is the shin bone or larger bone of the lower leg.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Femur<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>This is the thighbone or upper leg bone.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Patella<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>This is the kneecap.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Cartilage<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>A type of tissue that covers the surface of a bone at a joint. Cartilage helps reduce the friction of movement within a joint.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Synovial membrane<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>A tissue that lines the joint and seals it into a joint capsule. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (a clear, sticky fluid) around the joint to lubricate it.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Ligament<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>A type of tough, elastic connective tissue that surrounds the joint to give support and limits the joint’s movement.<\/span>
\n\u2022Tendon<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>A type of tough connective tissue that connects muscles to bones and helps to control movement of the joint.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Meniscus<\/strong><\/span>. <\/span>A curved part of cartilage in the knees and other joints that acts as a shock absorber, increases contact area, and deepens the knee joint.<\/span>
\nReasons for the procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nKnee replacement surgery is a treatment for pain and disability in the knee. The most common condition that results in the need for knee replacement surgery is osteoarthritis.<\/span>
\nOsteoarthritis is characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage. Damage to the cartilage and bones limits movement and may cause pain. People with severe degenerative joint disease may be unable to do normal activities that involve bending at the knee, such as walking or climbing stairs, because they are painful. The knee may swell or “give-way” because the joint is not stable.<\/span>
\nOther forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis that results from a knee injury, may also lead to degeneration of the knee joint. In addition, fractures, torn cartilage, and\/or torn ligaments may lead to irreversible damage to the knee joint.<\/span>
\nIf medical treatments are not satisfactory, knee replacement surgery may be an effective treatment. Some medical treatments for degenerative joint disease may include, but are not limited to, the following:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Anti-inflammatory medications<\/span>
\n\u2022 Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate<\/span>
\n\u2022 Pain medications<\/span>
\n\u2022 Limiting painful activities<\/span>
\n\u2022 Assistive devices for walking (such as a cane)<\/span>
\n\u2022 Physical therapy<\/span>
\n\u2022 Cortisone injections into the knee joint<\/span>
\n\u2022 Viscosupplementation injections (to add lubrication into the joint to make joint movement less painful)<\/span>
\n\u2022 Weight loss (for obese persons)<\/span>
\nThere may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a knee replacement surgery.<\/span>
\nRisks of the procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nAs with any surgical procedure, complications can occur. Some possible complications may include, but are not limited to, the following:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Bleeding<\/span>
\n\u2022 Infection<\/span>
\n\u2022 Blood clots in the legs or lungs<\/span>
\n\u2022 Loosening or wearing out of the prosthesis<\/span>
\n\u2022 Fracture<\/span>
\n\u2022 Continued pain or stiffness<\/span>
\nThe replacement knee joint may become loose, be dislodged, or may not work the way it was intended. The joint may have to be replaced again in the future.<\/span>
\nNerves or blood vessels in the area of surgery may be injured, resulting in weakness or numbness. The joint pain may not be relieved by surgery.<\/span>
\nThere may be other risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor prior to the procedure.<\/span>
\nBefore the procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 Your doctor will explain the procedure to you and offer you the opportunity to ask any questions that you might have about the procedure.<\/span>
\n\u2022 You will be asked to sign a consent form that gives your permission to do the procedure. Read the form carefully and ask questions if something is not clear.<\/span>
\n\u2022 In addition to a complete medical history, your doctor may perform a complete physical examination to ensure you are in good health before undergoing the procedure. You may undergo blood tests or other diagnostic tests.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Notify your doctor if you are sensitive to or are allergic to any medications, latex, tape, and anesthetic agents (local and general).<\/span>
\n\u2022 Notify your doctor of all medications (prescribed and over-the-counter) and herbal supplements that you are taking.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Notify your doctor if you have a history of bleeding disorders or if you are taking any anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, aspirin, or other medications that affect blood clotting. It may be necessary for you to stop these medications prior to the procedure.<\/span>
\n\u2022 If you are pregnant or suspect that you are pregnant, you should notify your doctor.<\/span>
\n\u2022 You will be asked to fast for eight hours before the procedure, generally after midnight.<\/span>
\n\u2022 You may receive a sedative prior to the procedure to help you relax.<\/span>
\n\u2022 You may meet with a physical therapist prior to your surgery to discuss rehabilitation.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Arrange for someone to help around the house for a week or two after you are discharged from the hospital.<\/span>
\n\u2022 Based on your medical condition, your doctor may request other specific preparation.<\/span>
\nDuring the procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Knee replacement requires a stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor’s practices.<\/span>
\nKnee replacement surgery is most often performed while you are asleep under general anesthesia. Your anesthesiologist will discuss this with you in advance.<\/span>
\nGenerally, knee replacement surgery follows this process:<\/span>
\n1. You will be asked to remove clothing and will be given a gown to wear.<\/span>
\n2. An intravenous (IV) line may be started in your arm or hand.<\/span>
\n3. You will be positioned on the operating table.<\/span>
\n4. A urinary catheter may be inserted.<\/span>
\n5. If there is excessive hair at the surgical site, it may be clipped off.<\/span>
\n6. The anesthesiologist will continuously monitor your heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and blood oxygen level during the surgery.<\/span>
\n7. The skin over the surgical site will be cleansed with an antiseptic solution.<\/span>
\n8. The doctor will make an incision in the knee area.<\/span>
\n9. The doctor will remove the damaged surfaces of the knee joint and resurface the knee joint with the prosthesis. The knee prosthesis is made up of metal and plastic. The most common type of artificial knee prosthesis is a cemented prosthesis. Uncemented prostheses are not commonly used anymore. A cemented prosthesis attaches to the bone with surgical cement. An uncemented prosthesis attaches to the bone with a porous surface onto which the bone grows to attach to the prosthesis. Sometimes, a combination of the 2 types is used to replace a knee.<\/span><\/p>\n

The prosthesis is generally comprised of 3 components: the tibial component (to resurface the top of the tibia, or shin bone); the femoral [thigh bone] component (to resurface the end of the thighbone; and the patellar component (to resurface the bottom of the kneecap that rubs against the thighbone).<\/span>
\n10. The incision will be closed with stitches or surgical staples.<\/span>
\n11. A drain may be placed in the incision site to remove fluid.<\/span>
\n12. A sterile bandage or dressing will be applied.<\/span><\/p>\n

After the procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nIn the hospital<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nAfter the surgery you will be taken to the recovery room for observation. Once your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing are stable and you are alert, you will be taken to your hospital room. Knee replacement surgery usually requires an in-hospital stay of several days.<\/span>
\nIt is important to begin moving the new joint after surgery. A physical therapist will meet with you soon after your surgery and plan an exercise program for you. A continuous passive motion (CPM) machine may be used to begin the physical therapy. This machine moves your new knee joint through its range of motion while you are resting in bed. Your pain will be controlled with medication so that you can participate in the exercise. You will be given an exercise plan to follow both in the hospital and after discharge.<\/span>
\nYou will be discharged home or to a rehabilitation center. In either case, your doctor will arrange for continuation of physical therapy until you regain muscle strength and good range of motion.<\/span>
\nAt home<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nOnce you are home, it is important to keep the surgical area clean and dry. Your doctor will give you specific bathing instructions. The stitches or surgical staples will be removed during a follow-up office visit.<\/span>
\nTo help reduce swelling, you may be asked to elevate your leg or apply ice to the knee.<\/span>
\nTake a pain reliever for soreness as recommended by your doctor. Aspirin or certain other pain medications may increase the chance of bleeding. Be sure to take only recommended medications.<\/span>
\nNotify your doctor to report any of the following:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Fever<\/span>
\n\u2022 Redness, swelling, bleeding, or other drainage from the incision site<\/span>
\n\u2022 Increased pain around the incision site<\/span>
\nYou may resume your normal diet unless your doctor advises you differently.<\/span>
\nYou should not drive until your doctor tells you to. Other activity restrictions may apply. Full recovery from the surgery may take several months.<\/span>
\nIt is important that you avoid falls after your knee replacement surgery, because a fall can result in damage to the new joint. Your therapist may recommend an assistive device (cane or walker) to help you walk until your strength and balance improve.<\/span>
\nMaking certain modifications to your home may help you during your recovery. These modifications include, but are not limited to, the following:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Proper handrails along all stairs<\/span>
\n\u2022 Safety handrails in the shower or bath<\/span>
\n\u2022 Shower bench or chair<\/span>
\n\u2022 Raised toilet seat<\/span>
\n\u2022 Long-handled sponge and shower hose<\/span>
\n\u2022 Dressing stick<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sock aid<\/span>
\n\u2022 Long-handled shoe horn<\/span>
\n\u2022 Reaching stick to grab objects<\/span>
\n\u2022 Removing loose carpets and electrical cords that may cause you to trip<\/span>
\n\u2022 Avoiding stair-climbing until recommended by your doctor<\/span>
\nYour doctor may give you additional or alternate instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY Knee replacement, also called arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts are used to cap the ends of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap. This surgery may be considered for someone who has severe arthritis or a severe…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1128,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1326"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2043,"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1326\/revisions\/2043"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anandamhospitalsendhwa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}